EXOSOME ANTI-AGING REVOLUTION

Exosomes are small vesicles, composed of a lipid bilayer, which are formed inside cells and released to the exterior in order to transport materials and improve cell-to-cell communication. The materials found inside include different molecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, or proteins that are delivered to specific cells to carry out such communication that allow, for example, to improve skin regeneration.

Exosomes are small vesicles ranging in diameter from 40 to 200 nanometers, formed inside cells released into the extracellular space as natural messengers. Their function is to transport biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, lipids, proteins, and growth factors to other cells, facilitating communication and activating repair and regeneration mechanisms.

EXOSOMES OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN

Exosomes of bacterial origin are extracted from bacteria from the Lactobacillus genus. This type of genus has proven to deliver multiple benefits when applied topically to the skin.

How do these exosomes act on the skin?

  • Anti-aging: they stimulate the synthesis of collagen (+16%) and elastin (+33%), combating wrinkles and sagging.
  • Anti-pigmentation: they reduce the production of melanin when combined with arbutin, lightening dark spots and evening out the skin tone.
  • Repair of the skin barrier: they increase the expression of key proteins (filaggrin, loricrin, and claudin-1) which help strengthen the skin barrier and promote skin regeneration.
  • Calming effect: they reduce certain mediators that can interfere with the skin’s inflammatory effect.

MILK EXOSOMES

Within exosomes of animal origin, the most widely studied are those derived from mammal breast milk. 

These vesicles secreted from milk are delimited by a lipid bilayer containing protein-like molecules (such as tetraspanins), lipids (such as cholesterol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine) or nucleic acids (such as miRNAs, mRNAs). 

Their structure promotes its biocompatibility and biological stability across species, protecting encapsulated molecules from enzymatic degradation. This type of exosomes derived from milk have great potential as vehicles for encapsulating drugs or developing new treatments.

In addition, they can also be used in the cosmetic industry to develop products designed for skin care. For example, they have been suggested as options to improve the appearance of dark spots, since they can inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme, as well as anti-aging ingredients since they are capable of reducing the formation of wrinkles and improving skin hydration.

WHARTON’S JELLY EXOSOMES

A REVOLUTIONARY ERA IN SKIN REGENERATION

Wharton’s jelly is a jelly-like substance found inside the umbilical cord, surrounding the blood vessels. It is rich in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and components of the extracellular matrix, which makes it a valuable source for regenerative medicine.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent adult cells which carry out key functions in tissue maintenance and repair and the regulation of immune responses.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that carry proteins, lipids, DNA, miRNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNAs. They mediate in intercellular communication.